Childhood Factors And Eating Disorders Symptoms Essay

Two studies were done about childhood factors and eating disorders symptoms. In the last two decades the prevalence of anorexia nervosa in South Korea has increased. The rate has increased from 0.03% in 1987 to 0.2 percent in 2007A study found that the Korean women with AN had higher levels of anxiety, perfectionism and an emotional childhood with a lower number of supportive figures compared to the healthy control group. The study supported ideas that personal vulnerability could be an important risk factor for developing anorexia nervosa. Children with perfectionism tendencies have one of the â€Å"setting conditions† (Heo Kang Kim Song Treasure, 2009), for developing anorexia nervosa in the Korean participants. Also people with parents who were perfectionist with regard to their children s shape and weight form the backbone for forming anxiety about shape and weight that was reported by the Korean women. â€Å"Premorbid anxiety is suspected to contribute an important gen etically medicated pathway towards developing of anorexia by way of heightening sensitivity to eating disorder systems† (Heo Kang Kim Song Treasure, 2009). Having more supportive figures during upbringing may cause people to form more resilient. The study concluded that there was a small difference between Korean and Western countries when it came to being teased about weight and shape, it has been found that the United States cultures put pressure on the thin ideal which is important risk forShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between Childhood Sexual Abuse And Eating Disorder Symptoms1635 Words   |  7 PagesBetween Childhood Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorder Symptoms Mallory Holt PSYC 401 Introduction Some studies have shown a correlation between physical, sexual and/or emotional abuse and eating disorders, but there appears to be no casual link. (Tripp, 2001). Between 30 to 50% of adult women report an unwanted sexual experience in either childhood or adulthood. This paper explores the connection between sexual abuse, specificity during childhood, and eating disorders. Eating disorders includeRead MoreEssay on Childhood Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders1579 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders Recently, a great amount of psychological literature has focused on finding biological and genetic causes of mental illnesses and disorders, including eating disorders. However, according to recent twin studies, the heritability component of eating disorders may only account for 0% to 70% of the variance (Fairburn, Cowen, Harrison, 1999). The leaves an ample amount of room for speculation of possible environmental risk factors for eating disordersRead MorePsychological Disorders And Obsessive Compulsive Disorder1123 Words   |  5 PagesPsychological disorder or mental disorder is a mind imbalance involving behaviors, thoughts and emotions that cause significant distress to self or other. Great distress means that the person is unable to meet their needs, is a danger to himself and others, or the person is unable to function properly. There are various categories of psychological disorders including, anxiety disorder, somatoform disorder, dissociative disorder, mood disorder, sc hizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, personalityRead MoreEating Disorder : South Carolina Department Of Mental Health862 Words   |  4 PagesMental Health Eating disorder according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary is a â€Å"psychological disorder affected by serious disturbances of eating.† [2]. It Primarily affects females, especially from ages twelve to twenty-five years old. According to Anad, â€Å"Women are more likely to develop a eating disorder than men.† In America, eating disorder has been increasing since the 1950’s. [3] Trauma Trauma is defined as â€Å"A deeply distressing or disturbing experience.† [2] Trauma and eating disorder relate toRead MoreTaking a Look at Borderline Personality Disorder1420 Words   |  6 PagesPredisposing factors: Borderline personality disorder is a disorder that is characterized by a persons impulsive and/ reckless behavior, poor self-image, self-injury, emotional fluctuations, unstable relationships. There are links that suggest it could be caused by genetic and environmental factors, but it is still being studied. A person that is part of a community or culture with unstable upbringing can increase the risk for this disorder (National Institute of Mental Health, 2014). A childhood with physicalRead MoreIn A Society Where So Much Emphasis Is Placed On The Way1361 Words   |  6 Pagesnervosa; Anorexia: Signs, Symptoms, Causes Treatment Help.). According to Smith and Segal (2017), Anorexia nervosa can be defined as a serious eating disorder that results in unhealt hy, often dangerous weight loss. Although anorexia nervosa is more common in females than males, it typically affects both sexes, often developing during their teen years or young adulthood; however, it also can affect those in childhood and even later on in life (Eating Disorders: About More Than Food.). Read MoreEating Disorders Are Serious Mental Illnesses That Are Not A Choice1535 Words   |  7 PagesEating disorders are serious mental illnesses that are not a choice. Eating disorders can affect people of any age and are characterized by concerns with body weight and irregular eating habits. There are many different kinds of eating disorders, but the cause of them is not completely known. The symptoms of eating disorders include obsession with food, appearance, and weight. There are ways to cope with and treat eating disorders with the help of a therapist that is specially trained in eating disordersRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder: A Literature Review Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pages The history of BPD can be traced back to 1938 when Adolph Stern first described the symptoms of the disorder as neither being psychotic nor psychoneurotic; hence, the term ‘borderline’ was introduced (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2009, p. 15). Then in 1960, Otto Kernberg coined the term ‘borderline personality organization’ to describe persistent patterns of behavior and functioning consisting of instability, and distressed psychological self-organization (National CollaboratingRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa1152 Words   |  5 Pagespervasiveness of eating disorders, Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa, has risen notably amongst women in the Western World. Eating disorders (EDs) are mental disorders â€Å"characterized by a persistent disturbance of eating or eating-related behavior that results in the altered consumption or absorption of food and that significantly impairs physical health or psychosocial functioningâ €  (American Psychiatric Association (APA), 2013). The most well-known types of eating disorders are Anorexia and BulimiaRead MoreUnit 5 Essay1106 Words   |  5 Pages Part 1: Know about different eating disorders 1a. Describe at least two different eating disorders. Eating disorder 1: Bulimia Nervosa is a disorder characterised by consuming massive amount in calories in a form on binge eating and then getting rid of them through laxatives or vomiting. There may be social signs or psychological signs like social isolation. Eating disorder 2: Anorexia Nervosa is the most well-known and popular of eating disorders yet it is the least common. It is

The Definition of Poverty - 554 Words

Spicker Guizamen et al Gordon (2007) twelve clusters of meaning of poverty evidently proved how the definition of poverty seems difficult to be established, the debates on poverty have been bedeviled by an artificial formalism, which insists that there is only one agreed meaning of poverty. However poverty does not attract a single meaning. For him, poverty is commonly understood in at least twelve discrete senses, which are logically separated: The first meaning denotes poverty as a material concept: individuals are attributed as been poor because they do not have something they need or because they lack the resources to get the things they need; here ‘needs’ may refer to things like-food, clothing, fuel or shelter. These needs may be relative or absolute; however Hazzilt (1946) thinks that the sources and foundation of the needs are linked to different preferential wants. The second meaning denotes a pattern of Deprivation; every need can be said to be equivalent to been termed as poor. However there are several interpretations of what makes up been poor due to level of needs: food and shelter for some is seen more important than entertainments and transport, thus what they lack is relative as affirmed by SimmelJacobson (1965). Consequently Simmel (1965) thinks that the third meaning denotes poverty as li mitation of resources which is commonly known as the failure to meet certain minimum requirements for the standards of living. But the fourth meaning denotesShow MoreRelatedThe Definition of Poverty Essay644 Words   |  3 Pages What are the definitions of poor and poverty? Many people hear the words poverty and have different meanings, so how do we know which definition and I poor is the correct one? According to many people poverty may mean a person who does not have any money to do the things they want to do, however most people can afford to live only on the things they truly need. This is just one example; there are many other definitions of the word poverty. Then what do people consider to be the meaningRead MoreDefinition Of Classism And Poverty1573 Words   |  7 PagesDefinition of Classism and Poverty: Classism is a discrimination based on your social class, but it’s more than that, it’s shunning a fraction of people because they are a different class, it is an inequality in what it is to live. This is a colossal issue that impacts millions and this directly ties into billions through poverty. I may be going on and on about poverty, but you may not know what it is and so you may not know how massive of an issue it is. Poverty is being in a state of such lackRead MoreThe Definition Of Poverty On The Number Of Adults And Children1518 Words   |  7 PagesThe definition of poverty hinges on the number of adults and children in the family. Based on income in the United States in 2015, roughly, poverty lines as the weighted average poverty thresholds for family with one person, two people and three people, are 12,082, 15,391, and 18,871 dollars, respectively [1]. Poverty rate differs between race and Hispanic origin, age, and sex, disability status, and other societal characteristics, including immigration status, region, and work experience. The realRead MoreHow Has The Definition Of Poverty Changed Over Time?896 Words   |  4 PagesHow has the definition of poverty changed over time? The definition of poverty has changed overtime because it is defined in several ways. The basic needs perspective defines poverty â€Å"as the lack of resources to fulfill basic human needs including food, health, and education. The capabilities perspective defines poverty as the absence of opportunities to achieve capabilities to be sheltered, well nourished, adequately clothed, healthy, and active in the community† (Chapin, 2014, p.308). This perspectiveRead Moresociety poverty has various definitions that lack the true picture that poverty depicts. Dictionary500 Words   |  2 Pagessociety poverty has various definitions that lack the true picture that poverty depicts. Dictionary defines poverty as â€Å"the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money on material possessions.† In other words poverty is a situation where a person fail to earn a sufficient amount of income to purchase basic necessities such as food, shelter, clothes etc. In reality, poverty is much more than the capital resources. According to Laster Brown explained poverty as â€Å"the worldRead MorePoverty Is A Global Concern And Its Eradication1376 Words   |  6 Pages Poverty is a global concern and its eradication is becoming surmountable. This is primarily due to the challenges posed by international and national causes respectively. Besides, the complexity of the phenomenon has not lend itself to be easily eradicated. Little wonder the world continues to struggle to eradicate poverty. Africa is one of the poorest countries on the universe and research and data show that Sierra Leone is one of the poorest countries in Sub-Sahara (UNDP, 2015). Sierra Leone’sRead MorePoverty and Destitution1299 Words   |  6 PagesDefining Poverty Poverty has been defined in many different ways. Some attempt to reduce it to numbers, while others believe that a more vague definition must be used. In the end, a combination of both methods is best. DiNitto and Cummins (2007), in their book â€Å"Social Welfare, Politics and Public Policy,† present six definitions and explanations of poverty. Social reformers Webb and Webb (1911) present another angle on poverty. Essentially, all definitions are correct, the debate is of whichRead MorePoverty Is A Problem That Affects Millions Of People On A Daily Basis1387 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty is a problem that affects millions of people on a daily basis. It is a topic that has been highly debated for many years in politics, between academics and with regular people. The problem that is debated is how to define it, how it should measure and who should be able to dictate these things. A broad definition of poverty is â€Å"the state of having little or no money, goods, or the means of support† (http://dictionary.reference.com). Poverty can be said to have many different definitions butRead MorePovertyin the World811 Words   |  3 PagesPoverty evokes various definitions depending on the audience and perhaps the purpose or context that it is used. Limiting the definition of poverty to a ‘value judgment’ is of little use in terms of agreeing on a definition for the purpose of comparison and measurement between groups (Sen 1979, p.285). A clear definition of poverty supports and indicates the process for measurement, and as such would also assist in determining the focus and approach for development (Clark 2012; Ruggeri, Saith Read MoreThe Cause And Causes Of Poverty1325 Words   |  6 Pagesissue of poverty. According to the Business dictionary, poverty is a â€Å"Condition where people s basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter are not being met†. Due to the serious effects and causes of poverty, it has always been an imp ortant issue throughout the world. Causes of poverty vary from country to country but the biggest and most common causes are things such as national debt., disabilities, health issues, war, social inequality, lack of education, and natural resources. Poverty comes with

Relevant Quantitative and Quantitative Factors

Qustion: Discuss about the Relevant Quantitative and Quantitative Factors. Answer: Introduction The evaluation of stock for investment purpose needs to be performed by considering the relevant quantitative and quantitative factors. The quantitative analysis for a stock tends to consider the financial statements using tools such as ratio analysis and trend analysis. The qualitative factors tend to instead focus on the innate lucrativeness of the business model in terms of not only profitability but also scalability along with the market share and brand value. Further, the above information needs to be analysed keeping into mind the corresponding performance of the peer group. This report aims to review the relevant qualitative and quantitative parameters concerned with Woolworths performance in the last five years so as to recommend whether an investor should invest in the stock or not. Besides, the report also computes the valuation of the Woolworths stock using the given information to conclude if the stock is overpriced or underpriced. Qualitative Analysis Company Overview The organised retail segment in Australia is dominated by Woolworths which along with Coles has converted the supermarket industry into a virtual duopoly as is evident from the figure listed below. The Woolworths group is a diversified group with interests across multiple businesses such as hotels, fuels, home improvement even though majority of the revenue is contributed by the supermarkets business. Over the years, the company has grown through the acquisition route that has expanded the business of the company into niche segments and given rise to a conglomerate. The group is based in Australia with a presence of about 950 stores spread all over. Besides Australia, the group has sizable market share in the organised retail market in New Zealand. Moreover, the company has small presence in various international markets such as Hong Kong, UK, South Africa and India (Woolworths, 2013). With the coming ot various discount retailers particular Aldi, the market share of the company has fallen and may decline further in the times ahead. This decline may be worsened by the persistent weakness in the trading environment where the discount retailers may be favoured by the customer (Mi tchell, 2015). Recent movement in stock price The performance of the Woolworths stock price over the last one year is captured in the graph below (Yahoo Finance, 2016). It is clear from the graph on display above that the stock price has undergo a significant decline of about 25% in the period under consideration. It is apparent that the stock has performed worse than the broad market index. However, the trading environment in Australia continues to be weak which is a worrisome sign for the stock. Also, competition from German discount retailers is an issue for the company which may keep the price subdued in the near future despite correction. Hence, unless the market fundamentals undergo significant improvement, a sustained upside on the stock may not materialise. Quantitative Analysis As highlighted above, the quantitative analysis of Woolworths would include take into consideration the financial statements from FY2011 to FY2015 and for the given period perform the following. Trend Analysis i.e. both Horizontal and Vertical Analysis Ratio analysis using key ratios Trend Analysis Horizontal Analysis The analysis of the various key trends based on the horizontal analysis shown in the Appendix 1 is given below. Revenue The revenue of the group has registered a steady rise from FY2011 onwards till FY2014. However, the trend is reversed in FY2015 as there has been slight decline in total revenue. This is caused by the drop in fuel sales which have seen a drop in both prices and associated volumes. The sales in volume terms were lesser owing to Caltex Alliance arrangement alliance which was put in place in Q2, 2015. However, if the sales from fuel are excluded, then the sales even in FY2015 have registered a slight increase of 2.5% despite the competition from discount retailers and unfavourable market conditions (Woolworths, 2015). Gross Profits The companys gross profits have enhanced over the years primarily due to the steady increase in the revenues along with the improvement in the profit margins at the gross level achieved through improvement in processes and savings in purchases. Net profit During the year FY2012, there was a decline in the net profit caused due to discontinued operations which attracted a loss to the tune of $ 366 million (Woolworths, 2012). However, during the next two years the net profits rose on account of better operating margins caused due to lower operational costs along with keeping the employee costs under check. However, the net profits in FY2015 have suffered a decline caused due to a hike in the operating expenses caused due to higher superannuation costs related with employees along with increased wage bill (Woolworths, 2015). Interest Expenses The companys interest expenses displayed an upward trend but these reached their peak level in FY2013. After FY2013, there has been a sizable decrease in the interest costs caused due to the decline in the overall debt level particularly long term (Woolworths, 2015). Short term debt and long term debt From the relevant data on the debt levels, it is clear that the company intends to lower the long term loans and enhance the short term debt if required. The decrease in long term borrowing is indicative of falling investment by the company for setting up new stores in Australia and elsewhere. Further, the short term borrowing is on the rise due to the higher working capital needs for the company (Woolworths, 2015). Inventory There has been a slight decrease in the inventory levels at the end of FY2012 but ever since the inventory level is on the rise which is not a positive sign for the company as it indicates that the demand for the companys products is weak. This is an ongoing issue for the business as has also been pointed by the Chairman in the annual report. Shareholders equity The shareholders equity has shown a steady rise in the period under consideration which has been brought about by the rise in the retained profits on account of the net profits made in each financial year. Another additional factor contributing to this trend is the rise in paid capital of the group. Vertical Analysis The analysis of the various key trends based on the horizontal analysis shown in the Appendix 1 is given below. Gross profit margins The companys profitability margins on gross level have shown steady improvement over the period under consideration. This is apparent from the fact that even in FY2015, despite the falling profits margins in fuel and weak macroeconomic climate, the company was successful in improving the margins by 12 bps (Woolworths, 2015). Operating expenses The operating expenses expressed as revenue percentage is on the rise and the situation has worsened tremendously in FY2015 when there has been substantial increase in the operating expenses which has led to a dip in the net profit margins to the tune of 91 bps. Clearly, there is a need to atleast stem this trend in the near future and reverse this in the medium term as trading environment improves (Woolworths, 2015). Receivables The receivables as a percentage of total assets has witnessed a declining trend. This trend was not obeyed only in FY2013 when this percentage actually witnessed an increase. The decreasing contribution of the receivables is a positive signal for the company and augers well for reducing the overall cash cycle since it ensures that the company is able to generate cash from the sales on a regular basis without unnecessary details that can prove to be disruptive for the companys short term liquidity (Woolworths, 2011; 2012; 2013; 2014; 2015). Current liabilities The current liabilities expressed as a percentage of the total liabilities and shareholders equity has witnessed a declining trend. This may be attributed to the continuous increase in the overall equity due to retained profits and fresh equity capital which has exceeded the percentage growth in the current liabilities (Woolworths, 2011; 2012; 2013; 2014; 2015). Ratio Analysis The significant ratios considered for the analysis of Woolworths have been summarised in the Appendix 2. The implications of these with regards to the companys performance are stated below. Current Ratio During the period from FY2011 to FY2014, the current ratio experienced improvement while it witnessed a decline in FY2015. This decrease can be explained due to rise in the short term debt by around $ 1.4 billion at the FY2015 end compared to the corresponding year end in FY2014 (Woolworths, 2015). The current ratio is significant and is indicative of the short term liquidity which is pivotal in case of organised retail. A concerning trend for the company is that inventory contributes almost 60% of the total current assets and hence liquid assets such as cash comprise a small portion of current assets. Hence, it is likely that in the near term, a short term liquidity crisis may develop if the business climate does not show any improvement (Brealey, Myers Allen, 2008). The companys major competitor i.e. Wesfarmers boasts of a higher current ratio which lies in the vicinity of 1.1 to 1.5. As a result, it is apparent that the company requires improvement in this respect (Morningstar, 2 015). Price/Earnings Ratio The trend with regards to P/E ratio has been mixed since there was an increase during the period FY2011 to FY2013 but the trend reversed for the period FY2014 to FY2015. The rise in P/E ratio at the end of FY2012 was caused mainly due to EPS decline caused by heavy losses on the back of discontinued operations (Woolworths, 2012). There was an improvement in the P/E ratio in the subsequent year due to outperformance by the company which was extended to the next year i.e. FY2014. However, in the next year i.e. FY2015, the performance dipped significantly which is reflected in the form of reduced EPS and hence led to a decline in the P/E ratio. The P/E ratio for the industry is pegged at 21 and hence it is evident that the company is given lower valuations which may be explained due to the diversified nature of the business which is held as a single company. However, this explanation may not be accurate since Wesfarmers has a higher P/E as compared to Woolworths even though it is more d iversified than Woolworths. This indicates underperformance by the Woolworths stock during the preceding two years (Morningstar, 2015). Net Profit Margin Ratio There is no uniform trend with regards to the ratio indicating the net profit margin. The net profit margin witnessed a decline during FY2012 caused due to discontinued operations and the resulting loss of $ 366 million. However, the performance with regard to net profits improved during both FY2013 and FY2014 due to better than expected gross margins even though the operational expenses continued to remain constant. The net profit margins have dropped by almost 50 bps during FY2015. This may be explained on the back of higher operational expenses particularly related to employee salaries and associated benefits (Woolworths, 2015). The drop in margins for fuel also had an adverse effect on profitability during FY2015. However, the net profit ratio for the company is in accordance with the industry standards which is estimated around 3.75%-4.25% (Morningstar, 2015). Return on total assets (ROA) Besides two years namely FY2012 and FY2015, the ROA has continued to remain constant during the period under consideration. The FY2012 decline in ROA was not disconcerting from the investor perspective as it was driven by loss arising from discontinued operations. But the same cannot be concluded for the dip in ROA in FY2015 which is driven by a decline in the net income to the tune of $ 300 million (Woolworths, 2015). Additionally, continued competition from discount retailers and weak demand would continue to exert downward pressure on ROA which is not favourable from the investor perspective (Brealey, Myers Allen, 2008). Debt ratio The contribution of debt to the total assets has continued from FY2011 till FY2014 which is favourable for the company. But this trend has reversed in FY2015 due to the rise in short term borrowing to the tune of $ 1.4 billion (Woolworths, 2015). This surge in current borrowing can be attributed to weak trading environment where the demand is weak and hence the working capital requirement is larger. Even though there has been a decline in the debt ratio, but still there are no long term liquidity issues that the company faces (Brealey, Myers Allen, 2008). Interest Coverage Ratio Based on the computed values, it is apparent that the interest coverage had improved in FY2012 as compared to the previous year before deteriorating in FY2013 primarily on account of the surge in interest expenses. However, post FY2013, there is a decline in the overall debt level which is reflected in the form of lower interest cost. This is responsible for the improvement in the interest coverage in FY2014 but the ratio has declined in FY2015 due to dip in the EBIT (Woolworths, 2015). Despite this, the interest coverage continues to stay healthy and hence the company does not face much risk of default on interest payment in the near future (Brealey, Myers Allen, 2008). Recommendation The review of the quantitative and qualitative parameters carried out above indicates that it is not prudent to invest in the Woolworths stock at the present time. This is despite the fact that the stock has corrected by about 25% over the last year and may seek a value buy. However, the chances of a recovery in the stock seem slim till the time there is definite improvement in the trading environment which does not look certain in the present. However, one of the limitations of the previous analysis is that it is based on historical performance and hence the future performance may be significantly different from the past performance. But currently, it seems highly unlikely. Stock valuation The Gordon dividend model is deployed for ascertaining the intrinsic price of the Woolworths stock (Damodaran, 2008). Woolworths fair price = Next year dividend/ (Return required Constant growth of dividends) Return required on the stock = 9% pa Constant growth rate of dividend = 4% pa Dividend paid by Woolworth per share in 2015 = 1.0286 + 0.957 = $ 1.9856 Expected dividend per share in 2016 = 1.9856 * 1.04 = Hence, dividends paid next year = 1.9856 * 1.05 = $ 2.065 Woolworth stock price = 2.065/(0.09-0.04) = $ 41.3 Since the Woolworth stock is currently trading at $ 21.7, hence it is evident that the stock currently is highly underpriced. The aberration in valuation can be explained on the basis of the expectations with regards to dividend growth from the investor perspective which may be considerably lower than 4% considering the lacklustre performance in FY2015. Further, it is also possible that the stock is oversold due to negative sentiments associated with the retail sector at the present. References Brealey, R, Myers, S Allen, F 2008, Principles of Corporate Finance, 9th edn, McGraw Hill Publications, New YorkDamodaran, A 2008, Corporate Finance, 3rd edn, Wiley Publications, LondonMitchell, S 2015, Coles, Woolworths, IGA to lose market share to Aldi, David Jones, says Moody's, The Sydney Morning Herald, Available online from https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/coles-woolworths-iga-to-lose-market-share-to-aldi-david-jones-says-moodys-20150813-giy6x0.html (Accessed on July 14, 2016)Morningstar 2015, Woolworths Ltd, Morningstar Limited, Available online from https://financials.morningstar.com/valuation/price-ratio.html?t=WOLWFregion=usaculture=en-US (Accessed on July 14, 2016) Woolworths 2011. Annual Report 2011, Woolworths Limited, Available online from https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/icms_docs/129899_Annual_Report_2011.pdf (Accessed on July 14, 2016) Woolworths 2012. Annual Report 2012, Woolworths Limited, Available online from https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/annualreport/2012/ (Accessed on July 14, 2016) Woolworths 2013. Annual Report 2013, Woolworths Limited, Available online from https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/icms_docs/137198_Annual_Report_2013.pdf (Accessed on July 14, 2016) Woolworths 2014. Annual Report 2014,Woolworths Limited, Available online from https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/annualreport/2014/index.html (Accessed on July 14, 2016) Woolworths 2015. Annual Report 2015, Woolworths Limited, Available online from https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/icms_docs/182381_Annual_Report_2015.pdf (Accessed on July 14, 2016) Yahoo Finance 2016, Woolworths Ltd (WOW.AX), Yahoo Finance, Available online from https://au.finance.yahoo.com/echarts?s=WOW.AX (Accessed on July 14, 2016)